Sharks have diverse lifespans depending on their species. While smaller species typically live for a few decades, larger ones, like the Greenland shark, can survive for centuries.
Smaller sharks, such as the spiny dogfish, usually live for around 25 to 50 years due to their rapid maturity and higher reproductive rates.
In contrast, larger species like the Greenland shark, found in cold Arctic waters, grow slowly and reach sexual maturity late, contributing to their exceptional longevity. The environment also influences shark lifespans, with colder waters often supporting slower metabolisms and providing more stable conditions.
In a 2016 study published in the journal Science, researchers concluded that the average age of a group of 28 Greenland sharks in their sample was 272 years old. The oldest shark in the group was estimated to be 392 years old, with a margin of error of approximately 120 years. This finding resulted in a widely held, albeit now disproven, belief that the oldest shark could have been 512 years old.
Determining shark lifespans, especially for long-lived species, presents challenges for researchers. Traditional methods like counting growth rings may not be accurate for older sharks, leading to the development of new techniques like radiocarbon dating.
Understanding shark lifespans is crucial for conservation, as long-lived species are particularly vulnerable to overfishing and environmental changes. Sustainable management practices are essential for their protection.
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